Glossary
| absolute monarch | n. | a king or queen who has complete control over the people |
| acre | n. | a piece of land that is 43,560 square feet |
| across | adv. | to the other side of |
| allegiance | n. | faithfulness to your country |
| Aphrodite | n. | the Greek goddess of love |
| Apollo | n. | the Greek god of the sun who is believed to bring the sun every day on his golden chariot. Apollo and his twin sister Artemis are the children of Zeus. |
| Ares | n. | the Greek god of war |
| Artemis | n. | the Greek goddess of hunting and the wilderness. Artemis is Apollo’s twin sister, and they are children of Zeus. |
| Athena | n. | the Greek goddess of wisdom; known for her wisdom and battle strategy |
| author | n. | a person who writes |
| bald eagle | n. | This bird is found in North America. It is mostly brown, but has a white head, neck, and tail feathers. |
| banner | n. | a flag; a piece of cloth with a design |
| battle | n. | a fight between two people or armies |
| bell | n. | a hollow, metal object that makes a ringing sound when hit |
| borrow | v. | to take something with the promise of returning it later |
| boundary | n. | something that marks the end or limits of a territory |
| bounty | n. | a generous reward |
| caravel | n. | a small sailing ship made of wood |
| cliff | n. | a high, very steep face of rock |
| coast | n. | Land along a sea or ocean |
| constable | n. | a police officer |
| copper | n. | a reddish-brown metal that conducts electricity and heat |
| cotton bale | n. | a large, tightly bound bundle of cotton |
| currency | n. | money |
| czar | n. | a ruler of Russia |
| desert | n. | an area of dry land with very little rainfall or plant life |
| dune | n. | a hill of sand created by wind |
| explorer | n. | a person who travels to new places |
| Forty-niner (49er) | n. | a person who came to California during the Gold Rush of 1849 |
| glacier | n. | a large mass of ice that moves slowly across land or down a mountain |
| god | n. | a powerful being believed to be greater than humans that can control certain aspects of nature |
| goddess | n. | a god in female form; a woman who is admired for her beauty or charm |
| Hades | n. | the Greek god of the Underworld; controlled the dead and determined whether they would spend eternity in Elysium (heaven) or torture |
| Hera | n. | the Greek goddess of marriage; the wife of Zeus |
| hill | n. | a raised area of land smaller than a mountain |
| holiday | n. | a special day set aside to remember or celebrate |
| honesty | n. | the quality of being truthful |
| immigrant | n. | a person who leaves the country where he or she was born to live in a new country |
| import | v. | to buy goods from other countries |
| in | adv. | toward the inside |
| indigenous | adj. | growing or living naturally in a certain country or region |
| island | n. | land with water on all sides that is too small to be a continent |
| isthmus | n. | a strip of land that connects two larger bodies of land |
| job | n. | work that is often done for pay |
| judge | n. | the person who sits in the front of the courtroom and makes decisions about the cases |
| kingdom | n. | an area that is ruled by a king or queen |
| lawyer | n. | a person who studies the law and speaks for people in court |
| minotaur | n. | a mythical creature whose bottom half is a man and whose top half is a bull |
| Mount Olympus | n. | the tallest mountain in Greece, where the Greek gods and goddesses are said to reside |
| myth | n. | a made-up story that tells how or why things happened or what people believe |
| negotiate | v. | to make a deal |
| oasis | n. | an area of rich land in a desert |
| ocean | n. | the body of salt water that covers about 70% of the earth's surface |
| Olympic Games | n. | an event held every four years in which countries around the world sponsor athletes who compete in a variety of sports contests |
| patent | n. | a document that states only the inventor can make and sell his or her invention for a certain number of years |
| peninsula | n. | an area of land that is surrounded by water on three sides |
| plain | n. | flat or gently rolling land with little or no trees |
| Poseidon | n. | the Greek god of the sea; believed to control the seas and its creatures |
| prince | n. | the son of a king and queen |
| princess | n. | the daughter of a king and queen |
| reef | n. | a living underwater ridge of coral, rocks, sand and sea life |
| river | n. | a large, natural stream of water |
| satyr | n. | a mythical creature whose bottom half is a goat and whose top half is a human |
| sea | n. | a large body of salt water |
| secede | v. | to break away from; to leave |
| soldier | n. | a person in the army |
| spangle | v. | to sparkle |
| spike | n. | a very large, heavy nail |
| suffrage | n. | the right to vote |
| symbol | n. | something that stands for something else |
| terrifying | adj. | extremely scary |
| through | adv. | from one sideor end to the other |
| translate | v. | to take something said or written in one language and change it into another language |
| tributary | n. | a small stream or river that flows into a larger river or lake |
| trip | n. | a visit to a different place |
| under | adv. | below |
| up | adv. | to a higher place or position |
| valley | n. | the area of low land between hills or mountains |
| voyage | n. | a trip to a faraway place |
| wizard | n. | a person with amazing skill or intelligence |
| wool | n. | the soft, curly hairs of a sheep that are used to make yarn and fabric |
| world | n. | the Earth and all of the land, water, plants and animals on it |
| Zeus | n. | the Greek god of the sky; believed to rule the sky, including the weather |